Freedom of Speech and Press [index]

Constitutional History and Theory Seditious Libel and Political Expression
Obscenity, Sexuality, and Morality Ethics, Libel, Freedom of Information, Prior Restraint

 

Constitutional History and Theory

Abrams, Floyd.  Speaking Freely: Trials of the First Amendment.  New York: Viking Penguin Group, 2005.

Anastaplo, George.  Reflections on Freedom of Speech and the First Amendment.  Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2007.

Anderson, Alexis J.  “The Formative Period of First Amendment Theory, 1870-1915.”  American Journal of Legal History 24:1 (January 1980): 56-75.

Anderson, David A.  "The Origins of the Press Clause."  UCLA Law Review 30 (1983): 455-541.

Beasley, Maurine H. “Donna Allen and the Women’s Institute: A Feminist Perspective on the First Amendment.” American Journalism 9, no. 3–4 (1992): 154–66.

Bezanson, Randall P.  How Free Can the Press Be?  Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2003.

Blanchard, Margaret A. Exporting the First Amendment: The Press- Government Crusade of 1945-1952. New York: Longman, 1985.

Blanchard, Margaret A.  Revolutionary Sparks: Freedom of Expression in Modern America.  New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Bollinger, Lee.  Images of a Free Press.  Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

Brenner, Daniel L., and William L. Rivers.  Free but Regulated: Conflicting Traditions in Media Law.  Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1982.

Chaffee, Zachariah, Jr.  Freedom of Speech.  New York: Harcourt, Brace & Jovanovich, 1920.

Chafee, Zechariah.  Government and Mass Communications: A Report.  Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1947.

Chamberlain, Bill F., and Charlene J. Brown, eds.  The First Amendment Reconsidered.  New York: Longman, 1982.

Cheney, William L.  Freedom of the Press.  New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1949.

Cobb-Reiley, Linda.  "Not an Empty Box with Beautiful Words on It: The First Amendment in Progressive Era Scholarship."  Journalism Quarterly 69 (1992): 37-47.

Cook, Timothy E., ed.  Freeing the Presses: The First Amendment in Action.  Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2005.

Copeland, David.  The Idea of a Free Press: The Enlightenment and Its Unruly Legacy.  Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 2006.

Cortner, Richard C.  The Kingfish and the Constitution: Huey Long, the First Amendment, and the Emergence of Modern Press Freedom in America.  Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1996.

Cross, Harold L.  The People's Right to Know.  New York: Columbia University Press, 1953.

Curtis, Michael Kent. Free Speech, the Peoples' Darling Privilege: Struggles for Freedom of Expression in American History.  Durham: Duke University Press, 2000.

Eldridge, Larry D.  A Distant Heritage: The Growth of Free Speech in Early America.  New York: New York University Press, 1993.

Feldman, Stephen M.  Free Expression and Democracy in America: A History.  Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008.

Foner, Eric.  The Story of American Freedom.  New York: W.W. Norton, 1998.

Garnett, Richard W.  “Less Is More: Justice Rehnquist, the Freedom of Speech, and Democracy.” in The Rehnquist Legacy, ed. Craig Bradley.  New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Gates, Paul H. Jr., and Bill F. Chamberlin. “Madison Misinterpreted: Historical Presentism Skews Scholarship.” American Journalism 13, no. 1 (1996): 38–47.

Gleason, Timothy W. “Legal Advocacy and the First Amendment: Elisha Hanson’s Attempt to Create First Amendment Protection for the Business of the Press.” American Journalism 3 (1986): 195–206.

Gleason, Timothy W.  "Historians and Freedom of the Press Since 1800." American Journalism 5 (1988): 230-248.

Haynes, Charles C., Sam Chaltain, and Susan M. Glisson.  First Freedoms: A Documentary History of First Amendment Rights in America.  New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.

Hindman, Elizabeth B.  "Supreme Court Conceptions of Press Responsibility, 1931 to 1991."  PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota, 1994.

Hindman, Elizabeth Blanks.  "First Amendment Theories and Press Responsibility: The Work of Zechariah Chafee, Thomas Emerson, Vincent Blasi and Edwin Baker."  Journalism Quarterly 69 (1992): 48-64.

Hochman, Steven H.  "On the Liberty of the Press in Virginia: From Essay to Bludgeon 1798-1803." Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 84 (1976): 431-445.

Hughes, Frank L.  Prejudice and the Press: A Restatement of the Principle of Freedom of the Press with Specific Reference to the Hutchins-Luce Commission.  New York: Devin-Adair, 1950.

Hynes, Terry.  "A Conversation with Leonard Levy."  Journalism History 7:3/4 (Autumn-Winter 1980): 96-103.

Ingelhart, Louis E.  Press and Speech Freedoms in America, 1619-1995: A Chronology.  Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1997.

Johnson, Donald.  The Challenge to American Freedom.  World War I and the Rise of the American Civil Liberties Union.  Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1963.

Johnson, Gerald White.  Peril and Promise: An Inquiry into Freedom of the Press.  New York: Harper, 1958.

Kalven, Jr., Harry.  A Worthy Tradition: Freedom of Speech in America. New York: Harper & Row, 1988.

Knudson, Jerry W.  Jefferson and the Press: Crucible of Liberty.  Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2006.

Kutulas, Judy.  The American Civil Liberties Union & the Making of Modern Liberalism, 1930–1960.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.

Labrunski, Ricard.  James Madison and the Struggle for the Bill of Rights.  New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Levinson, Nan.  Outspoken: Free Speech Stories.  Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003.

Levy, Leonard. The Emergence of a Free Press.  New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Levy, Leonard. Jefferson and Civil Liberties.  Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1989. (originally published in 1963)

Lewis, Anthony.  Freedom for the Thought We Hate: A Biography of the First Amendment.  New York: Basic Books, 2008.

Lidsky, Lurissa Barnett, and R. George Wright.  Freedom of the Press: A Reference Guide to the United States Constitution.  Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2004.

Lofton, John.  The Press as Guardian of the First Amendment.  Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1980.

Lynskey, Bill.  “Reinventing the First Amendment in Wartime Philadelphia.”  Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 131 (January 2007): 33–80.

Martin, Robert W. T.  The Free and Open Press: The Founding of American Democratic Press Liberty, 1640-1800.  New York: New York University Press, 2001.

McLean, Deckle.  “Justice White and the First Amendment.”  Journalism Quarterly 56 (1979): 305-310.

McClellan, Grant S., ed.  Censorship in the United States.  New York: H.W. Wilson, 1967.

McPherson, James B. “Crosses Before a Government Vampire: How Four Newspapers Addressed the First Amendment in Editorials, 1962–1991.” American Journalism 13, no. 3 (1996): 304–17.

Mellen, Roger P. “A Culture of Dissidence: The Emergence of Liberty of the Press in Pre-Revolutionary Virginia.”  PhD dissertation, George Mason University, 2007.

Murphy, Paul L.  The Shaping of the First Amendment, 1791 to the Present.  New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Nerone, John.  Violence Against the Press: Policing the Public Sphere in U.S. History. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994.

Peters, John D.  Courting the Abyss: Free Speech and the Liberal Tradition.  Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.

Pohlman, H.L.  Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes: Free Speech and the Living Constitution.  New York: New York University Press, 1991.

Powe, Lucas A., Jr.  The Fourth Estate and the Constitution: Freedom of the Press in America.  Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.

Ragan, Fred D.  "Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., and Zechariah Chafee, Jr."  Journal of American History 58 (June 1971).

Rivera, Clark.  “Ideals, Interests, and Civil Liberty: The Colonial Press and Freedom, 1735-76.”   Journalism Quarterly 55 (Spring 1978): 45-53.

Russomanno, Joseph, ed.  Defending the First: Commentary on First Amendment Issues and Cases.  Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2005.

Simon, James F.  The Antagonists: Hugo Black, Felix Frankfurter, and Civil Liberties in Modern America.  New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989.

Sloan, Wm. David. "Historians and Freedom of the Press, 1690-1801: Libertarian or Limited?" American Journalism 5 (1988), 159-177.

Smolla, Rodney A.  Free Speech in an Open Society.  New York: Knopf, 1992.

Stein, Laura.  Speech Rights in America: The First Amendment, Democracy, and the Media.  Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2006.

Stoker, Kevin.  “The Journalist and the Juror: Political Adversaries Enlisted in ‘A Long Campaign on Behalf of Civil Liberties.”  Journalism History 34:4 (Winter 2009): 216-229.  Justice Frankfurter and Geoffrey Parsons of the NY Herald Tribune.

Stone, Geoffrey R.  Perilous Times: Free Speech in Wartime from the Sedition Act of 1798 to the War on Terrorism.  New York: Norton, 2004.

Stone, Geoffrey R.  “The Hustler: Justice Rehnquist and ‘The Freedom of Speech, or of the Press.” in The Rehnquist Legacy, ed. Craig Bradley.  New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Teeter, Dwight L.  “King’ Sears, the Mob, and Freedom of the Press in New York, 1765-1776.”  Journalism Quarterly 41 (1964): 539-544.

Uhm, Kiyul. “The Founders and the Revolutionary Underpinning of the Concept of the Right to Know.”  Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 85 (Summer 2008): 393–417.

Yalof, David A., and Kenneth Dautrich.  The First Amendment and the Media in the Court of Public Opinion.  New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Walker, Stanley.  In Defense of American Liberty: A History of the ACLU.  New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.

 

Seditious Libel and Political Expression

Anderson, David A.  “Freedom of the Press in Wartime.”  University of Colorado Law Review 77:1 (2006): 49–99.

Baldasty, Gerald J. "Toward and Understanding of the First Amendment: Boston Newspapers, 1782-1791." Journalism History 3 (1976): 25-30, 32.

Bekken, Jon.  "These Great and Dangerous Powers: Postal Censorship of the Press."  Journal of Communication Inquiry 15 (Winter 1991): 55-71.

Belknap, Michal R.  Cold War Political Justice: The Smith Act, the Communist Party, and American Civil Liberties.  Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1977.

Berns, Walter.  "Freedom of the Press and the Alien and Sedition Acts: A Reappraisal."  Supreme Court Law Review.  (1970): 109-159.

Blanchard, Margaret A. "Freedom of the Press in World War II: Historiographic Essay." American Journalism 12 (Summer 1995): 342-358.

Bowles, Dorothy.  “Newspaper Support for Free Expression in Times of Alarm, 1920 and 1940.”  Journalism Quarterly 54 (Summer 1977): 271-279.

Capazzola, Christopher.  "The Only Badge You Need is your Patriotic Fervor: Vigilance, Coercion, and the Law in World War I America."  Journal of American History 48 (March 2002): 1354-1382.

Cobb-Reilly, Linda.  "Aliens and Alien Ideas: The Suppression of Anarchists and the Anarchist Press in America, 1901-1914."  Journalism History 15:2/3 (Summer-Autumn 1988): 50-59.

Coben, Stanley.  A. Mitchell Palmer: Politician.  New York: Columbia University Press, 1963.

Cogley, John.  Report on Blacklisting.  Vol 1: Movies, Vol 2: Radio-Television.  New York: Fund for the Republic, 1956.

Cohen, Jeremy. “Absence of the First Amendment in Schenck vs. United States: A Reexamination.” American Journalism 2 (1985): 49–64.

Costa, Gregg.  "John Marshall, the Sedition Act, and Free Speech in the Early Republic."  Texas Law Review 77 (March 1999): 1011-1047.

Dickerson, Donna Lee.  The Course of Tolerance: Freedom of the Press in Nineteenth-Century America.  New York: Greenwood Press, 1990.

Dickerson, Donna L. “From Suspension to Subvention: The Southern Press During Reconstruction, 1863–1870.” American Journalism 8, no. 4 (1991): 230–45.

Dowell, Eldridge F.  A History of Criminal Syndicalism Legislation in the United States.  New York: DaCapo, reprint of 1939 edition.

Freeberg, Ernest. Democracy’s Prisoner: Eugene V. Debs, the Great War, and the Right to Dissent.  Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2008.

Fried, Richard.  Nightmare in Red: The McCarthy Era in Perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Gladchuk, John Joseph. "Reticent Reds: HUAC, Hollywood, and the Evolution of the Red Menace, 1935-1950."  PhD dissertation, University of California- Riverside, 2006.  

Glende, Philip M. “Victor Berger’s Dangerous Ideas: Censoring the Mail to Preserve National Security during World War I.” Essays in Economic and Business History 26 (2008): 5–20.

Goldstein, Robert Justin. American Blacklist: The Attorney General’s List of Subversive Organizations. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2008.

Jaffe, Julian F.  Crusade Against Radicalism.  Port Washington: Kennikat Press, 1975.

Jensen, Joan M.  The Price of Vigilance.  Chicago: Rand McNally, 1968.  (patriotic citizens groups)

Kutler, Stanley I.  The American Inquisition: Justice and Injustice in the Cold War. New York: Hill & Wang, 1982.

Lawrence, Thomas A.  "Eclipse of Liberty: Civil Liberties and the United States During the First World War."  Wayne Law Review 21 (1974): 33-112.

Lehman, Forrest K. “‘Seditious Libel’ on Trial, Political Dissent on the Record: An Account of the Trial of Thomas Cooper as Campaign Literature.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 132 (April 2008): 117–39.

Levy, Leonard.  "Did the Zenger Case Really Matter?  Freedom of the Press in Colonial New York."  William and Mary Quarterly 17:1 (January 1960): 35-50.

Lynch, Shawn Michael. “‘In defense of true Americanism’: The Civil Liberties Union of Massachusetts and Radical Free Speech, 1915–1945.”  PhD dissertation, Boston College, 2006.

Lynskey, Bill. “Reinventing the First Amendment in Wartime Philadelphia.”  Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 131:1 (January 2007): 33-80.

Lynskey, Bill.  “‘I Shall Speak in Philadelphia’: Emma Goldman and the Free Speech League.”  Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 133 (April 2009): 167–202.

Miller, John C.  Crisis in Freedom: The Alien and Sedition Acts.  Boston: Little, Brown, 1951.

Murphy, Paul J.  The Meaning of Freedom of Speech: First Amendment Freedoms from Wilson to FDR. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1972.

Murphy, Paul J.  World War I and the Origin of Civil Liberties in the United States. New York: W.W. Norton, 1979.

Nelson, Harold L.  "Seditious Libel in Colonial America." American Journal of Legal History 3 (April 1959): 160-172.

Olson, Alison.  "The Zenger Case Revisited: Satire, Sedition, and Political Debate in Eighteenth Century America." Early American Literature 35:3 (2000): 223-245.

Parramore, James R.  "State Constitutions and the Press: Historical Context and Resurgence of a Libertarian Tradition."  Journalism Quarterly 69 (1992): 105-123.

Paxton, Mark.   Censorship.  Westport: Greenwood, 2008.

Pember, Don R.  "The Smith Act as a Restraint on the Press."  Journalism Monographs 10 ( May 1969).

Polenberg, Richard.  Fighting Faiths: The Abrams Case, the Supreme Court and Free Speech. New York: Viking Press, 1987.

Preston, William.  Aliens and Dissenters: Federal Suppression of Radicals, 1903-1933, second edition.  Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994.

Rabban, David M.  "The Ahistorical Historian: Leonard Levy on Freedom of Expression in Early American History."  Stanford Law Review 37 (February 1985).

Rabban, David M.  Free Speech in its Forgotten Years.  New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Rivera, Clark. "Ideals, Interests, and Civil Liberty: The Colonial Press and Freedom, 1735-1776." Journalism Quarterly 55 (1978): 48-53, 124.

Robins, Natalie.  Alien Ink: The FBI's War on Freedom of Expression. New York: William Morrow, 1992.

Sayer, John.  "Art and Politics, Dissent and Repression: The Masses Magazine Versus the Government, 1917-1918."  American Journal of Legal History 32 (January 1988): 42-78.

Scheiber, Harry N.  The Wilson Administration and Civil Liberties.  Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1960.

Schrecker, Ellen.  Many Are the Crimes: McCarthyism in America.  Boston: Little, Brown, 1998.

Sheft, Mark A.  "The End of the Smith Act Era: A Legal and Historical Analysis of Scales v. United States."  American Journal of Legal History 36 (April 1992): 164-202.

Sloan, Wm. David. “The Party Press and Freedom of the Press, 1798–1808.” American Journalism 4 (1987): 82–96.

Smith, Craig R., ed.  Silencing the Opposition: Government Strategies of Suppression of Freedom of Expression.  Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.

Smith, James Morton.  Freedom's Fetters: The Alien and Sedition Law and American Civil Liberties. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1956.

Smith, Jeffery A.  Printers and Press Freedom: The Ideology of Early American Press Freedom.  New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Smith, Jeffery A.  War and Press Freedom: The Problem of Prerogative Power. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Steele, Richard W.  Free Speech in the Good War. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999.

Theoharis, Athan.  "The FBI, the Roosevelt Administration, and the 'Subversive' Press."  Journalism History 19:1 (Spring 1993): 3-10.

Thomas, William H., Jr.  Unsafe for Democracy: World War I and the U.S. Justice Department’s Covert Campaign to Suppress Dissent.  Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2008.

Tushnet, Mark, ed.  The Constitution in Wartime: Beyond Alarmism and Complacency.  Durham: Duke University Press, 2005.

Work, Clemens P. Darkest Before Dawn: Sedition and Free Speech in the American West. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2005.

Work, Clemens P.  “‘Good Night with the Stars and Stripes, Army, Navy, and Mister Damned Wilson’: Montana’s Central Role in the Repression—and Eventual Recognition—of Free Speech.” Montana 55 (Winter 2005): 16–35.

Obscenity, Sexuality, and Morality

    See also: Books, Literacy and Reading  for discussion of suppression of "obscene" publications

    See also: Film for discussion of motion picture censorship and ratings

Alexander, James R. “Roth at Fifty: Reconsidering the Common Law Antecedents of American Obscenity Doctrine.”  John Marshall Law Review 41 (Winter 2008): 393–434.

Allen, Robert C.  Horrible Prettiness: Burlesque and American Culture.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991.

Bates, Anna Louise.  Weeder in the Garden of the Lord: Anthony Comstock's Life and Career.  New York: University Press of America, 1995.

Beisel, Nocal Kay.  Imperiled Innocents: Anthony Comstock and Family Reproduction in Victorian America.  Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997.

Bekken, Jon.  "These Great and Dangerous Powers: Postal Censorship of the Press." Journal of Communication Inquiry 15 (Winter 1991): 55-71.

Blanchard, Margaret A., and John E Semonche.  “Anthony Comstock and his Adversaries: The Mixed Legacy of this Battle for Free Speech.”  Communication Law and Policy 11 (Fall 2006): 317-366.

Blecha, Peter.  Taboo Tunes: A History of Banned Bands and Censored Songs.  San Francisco: Backbeat Books, 2004.

Boyer, Paul S.  Purity in Print: Book Censorship in America. rev. ed. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2002.

Brodie, Janet F.  Conception and Abortion in 19th Century America.  Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994.

Broun, Heywood, and Margaret Leech.  Anthony Comstock: Roundsman of the Lord.  New York: Boni, 1927.

Childs, Elizabeth C., ed.  Suspended License: Censorship and the Visual Arts.  Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1997.

Cronin, Mary M.  "The Liberty to Argue Freely: Nineteenth Century Obscenity Prosecutions and the Emergence of Modern Libertarian Free Speech Discourse."  Journalism and Mass Communication Monographs 8:3 (Autumn 2006): 164-219.

Daniels, Walter M., ed.  The Censorship of Books. New York: H.W. Wilson, 1954.

de Grazia, Edward.  Censorship Landmarks.  New York: Bowker, 1969.

de Grazia, Edward.  Girls Lean Back Everywhere: The Law of Obscenity and the Assault on Genius.  New York: Random House, 1992.

Dennis, Donna I.  “Obscenity Law and Its Consequences in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America.” Columbia Journal of Gender and Law 16 (no. 1, 2007): 43–95.

Dennis, Donna. Licentious Gotham: Erotic Publishing and Its Prosecution in Nineteenth-Century New York.  Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2008.

Downs, Robert B., ed.  The First Freedom: Liberty and Justice in the World of Books and Reading.  Chicago: American Library Association, 1960.

Ernst, Morris L., and Alexander Lindey.  The Censor Marches On.  New York: Doubleday, 1940.

Ernst, Morris L., and Alan U. Schwartz.  Censorship: The Search for the Obscene.  New York: Macmillan, 1964.

Fleishman, Stanley.  The Supreme Court Obscenity Decisions.  San Diego: Greenleaf Classic, 1973.

Friedman, Andrea.  “The Habits of Sex-Crazed Perverts’: Campaigns Against Burlesque in Depression-Era New York City.”  Journal of the History of Sexuality 7:2 (October 1996): 203-238.

Friedman, Andrea.  Prurient Interests: Gender, Democracy, and Obscenity in New York City, 1909-1945.  New York: Columbia University Press, 2000.

Friedman, Leon, ed.  Obscenity: The Complete Oral Arguments before the Supreme Court in the Major Obscenity Cases.  2 vols.  New York: Chelsea House, 1983.

Foster, Gaines M.  Moral Reconstruction: Christian Lobbyists and the Federal Legislation of Morality, 1865-1920.  Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.

Fowler, Dorothy G.  Unmailable: Congress and the Post Office.  Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1977.

Freyer, Peter.  The Birth Controllers.  New York: Stein and Day, 1966.

Friskin, Amanda.  Victoria Woodhull's Sexual Revolution: Political Theater and the Popular Press in Nineteenth Century America.  Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004.

Frisken, Amanda. “Obscenity, Free Speech, and ‘Sporting News’ in 1870s America.” Journal of American Studies 42 (December 2008): 537–577.

Fuller, Wayne E.  Morality and the Mail in Nineteenth Century America.  Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2003.

Gardiner, Harold C.  The Catholic Viewpoint on Censorship.  New York: Image Books, 1961.

Garrison, Dee.  “Immoral Fiction in the Late Victorian Library.”  American Quarterly 28:1 (Spring 1976): 71-89.

Gertzman, Jay A.  “John Saxton Sumner of the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice: A Chief Smut Eradicator of the Interwar Period.”  Journal of American Culture 17:2 (June 1994): 41-47.

Gertzman, Jay A.  Bookleggers and Smuthounds: The Trade in Erotica, 1920-1940.  Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.

Gillers, Stephen. “A Tendency to Deprave and Corrupt: The Transformation of American Obscenity Law from Hicklin to Ulysses II.”  Washington University Law Review 85 (no. 2, 2007): 215–296.

Goldstein, Al, and Josh Alan Friedman.  I, Goldstein: My Screwed Life.  Boston: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 2006.

Gordon, Sarah B.  "Blasphemy and the Law of Religious Freedom in 19th Century America."  American Quarterly 52 (December 2000): 682-719.

Gordon, George N.  Erotic Communications: Studies in Sex, Sin, and Censorship.  New York: Hastings House, 1980.

Gordon, Linda.  Women's Body, Women's Right: A History of Birth Control in America.  New York: Grossman, 1976.

Gurstein, Rochelle.  The Repeal of Reticence: A History of America's Cultural and Legal Struggles Over Free Speech, Obscenity, Sexual Liberation, and Modern Art.  New York, 1996.

Haight, Anne L.  Banned Books.  New York: Bowker, 1978.

Heins, Marjorie.  Sex, Sin, and Blasphemy: A Guide to America’s Censorship Wars.  New York: New Press, 1998.

Heins, Marjorie.  Not in Front of the Children: “Indecency,” Censorship, and the Innocence of Youth.  New York: Hill and Wang, 2001.

Hixson, Richard.  Pornography and the Justices: The Supreme Court and the Intractable Obscenity Problem.  Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1996.

Horowitz, Helen L.  "Victorial Woodhull, Anthony Comstock, and Conflict over Sex in the United States in the 1870s."  Journal of American History 87 (September 2000): 403-434.

Hovey, Elizabeth B.  "Stamping Out Smut: The Enforcement of Obscenity Laws, 1872-1915."  PhD dissertation, Columbia University, 1998.

Hutchison, Earl R.  Tropic of Cancer on Trial.  New York: Grove Press, 1968.

Kendrick, Walter.  The Secret Museum: Pornography in Modern Culture.  Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.

Kirkpatrick, James J.  The Smut Peddlers.  New York: Avon, 1960.

Legman, Gershon.  Love & Death: A Study in Censorship.  New York: Hacker Art, 1963.

Lewis, Felice Flannery.  Literature, Obscenity, and Law.  Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1976. 

Loth, David.  The Erotic in Literature.  New York: Messner, 1961.

Meyer, Richard.  Outlaw Representation: Censorship and Homosexuality in Twentieth Century American Art.  Boston: Beacon Press, 2002.

Morgan, Bill, and Nancy J. Peters, eds.  Howl on Trial: The Battle for Free Expression.  San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2006.

Parker, Alison M.  Purifying America: Women, Cultural Reform, and Pro-Censorship Activism, 1873-1933.  Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997.

Paul, James C.N., and Murray L. Schwartz.  Federal Censorship: Obscenity in the Mails.  New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1961.

Picard, Alyssa.  "To Popularize the Nude in Art: Comstockery Reconsidered."  Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 1:3 (July 2002): 195-224.

Rivera-Sanchez, Milagros.  "Developing an Indecency Standard: The FCC and the Regulation of Offensive Speech, 1927-1964." Journalism History 20:1 (Spring 1994): 3-14.

Sears, Hal D.  The Sex Radicals: Free Love in High Victorian America.  Lawrence: The Regents Press of Kansas, 1977.

Semonche, John E.  Censoring Sex: A Historical Journey through American Media.  Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007.

Spear, Lisa K.  "Paperback Pornography: Mass Market Novels and Censorship in Postwar America."  Journal of American Culture 24 (Fall/Winter 2001): 153-160.

Strub, Whitney Vincent. “Perversion for Profit: The Politics of Obscenity and Pornography in the Postwar United States.”  PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, 2006.  

Strub, Whitney.  “Perversion for Profit: Citizens for Decent Literature and the Arousal of an Antiporn Public in the 1960s.”  Journal of the History of Sexuality 15:2 (May 2006): 258-291.

Taylor, Leslie A.  “I Made Up My Mind to Get it’: The American Trial of The Well of Loneliness, New York City 1928-1929.”  Journal of the History of Sexuality 10:2 (April 2001): 250-286.

Tone, Andrea.  Devices and Desires: A History of Contraceptives in America.  New York: Hill & Wang, 2001.

Ullman, Sharon.  Sex Seen: The Emergence of Modern Sexuality in America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997.

Wartzman, Rick.  Obscene in the Extreme: The Burning and Banning of John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath.  New York: Public Affairs Press, 2008.

Wheeler, Leigh Ann.  “Battling Over Burlesque: Conflicts Between Maternalism, Paternalism, and Organized Labor, Minneapolis, Minnesota 1920-1932.”  Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 20:2 (1999): 148-174.

Wheeler, Leigh Ann.  Against Obscenity: Reform and the Politics of Womanhood, 1873-1935.  Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004.

Williams, Linda.  Screening Sex. Durham: Duke University Press, 2008.

Wood, Janice Ruth. “Foote Work for Free Speech: The Contributions of Doctors Edward Bliss Foote and Edward Bond Foote to Anti-Comstock Operations, 1872­1915.” PhD dissertation, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, 2004.

Wood, Janice Ruth.  The Struggle for Free Speech in the United States, 1872-1915.  New York: Routledge, 2007.  women’s health information

Ethics, Libel, Freedom of Information, Prior Restraint

Banning, Stephen A. “‘Truth is Our Ultimate Goal’: A Mid-19th Century Concern for Journalism Ethics.” American Journalism 16, no. 1 (1999): 17–39.

Bowles, Dorothy.  “Newspaper Attention to (and Support of) First Amendment Cases, 1919-1969.”  Journalism Quarterly 66:3 (Autumn 1989): 579-586.

Brucker, Herbert.  Freedom of Information.  New York: Macmillan, 1949.

Cain, Brett Butler. “Contempt by Publication in Nineteenth-Century America” PhD dissertation, University of Alabama, 2007.

Cooper, Kent.  The Right to Know.  New York: Farrar, Straus & Cudahy, 1956.

Cross, Harold L.  The People’s Right to Know.  New York: Columbia University Press, 1953.

Dicken-Garcia, Hazel.  Journalistic Standards in Nineteenth Century America. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1989.

Digby-Junger, Richard.  "News in Which the Public May Take an Interest: A Nineteenth Century Precedent for New York Times v Sullivan."  American Journalism 12:1 (Winter 1995): 22-38.

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